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In vascular diseases, endothelial dysfunction is a systemic pathological state of the endothelium (the inner lining of blood vessels) and can be broadly defined as an imbalance between vasodilating and vasoconstricting substances produced by (or acting on) the endothelium. Normal functions of endothelial cells include mediation of coagulation, platelet adhesion, immune function and control of volume and electrolyte content of the intravascular and extravascular spaces. Endothelial dysfunction can result from and/or contribute to several disease processes, as occurs in hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes, septic shock, and Behcet's disease, and it can also result from environmental factors, such as from smoking tobacco products and exposure to air pollution.〔 Endothelial dysfunction is more prevalent in shift workers, a group known to have a higher risk for cardiovascular diseases.〔Suessenbacher A, Potocnik M, Dörler J, Fluckinger G, Wanitschek M, Pachinger O, Frick M, Alber HF. Comparison of peripheral endothelial function in shift versus nonshift workers. Am J Cardiol. 2011 Mar 15;107(6):945-8.〕 Most of these studies on human participants have involved the percentage flow-mediated dilation (FMD%) index as the study outcome, which must have proper statistical consideration to be interpreted correctly.〔Atkinson and Batterham, Atherosclerosis 2013.〕 Endothelial dysfunction is a major physiopathological mechanism that leads towards coronary artery disease, and other atherosclerotic diseases.〔Flammer AJ, Anderson T, Celermajer DS, Creager MA, Deanfield J, Ganz P, Hamburg NM, Lüscher TF, Shechter M, Taddei S, Vita JA, Lerman A. The assessment of endothelial function: from research into clinical practice. Circulation. 2012 Aug 7;126(6):753-67.〕 == Epidemiology == The epidemiology of endothelial dysfunction is unknown, as %FMD varies with baseline artery diameter. This can make cross-sectional comparisons of FMD% difficult. Endothelial dysfunction was found in approximately half of women with chest pain, in the absence of overt blockages in large coronary arteries. This endothelial dysfunction cannot be predicted by typical risk factors for atherosclerosis (e.g., obesity, cholesterol, smoking) and hormones.〔Reis SE, Holubkov R, Smith AJC, Kelsey SF, Sharaf BL, Reichek N, Rogers WJ, Merz NB, Sopko G, Pepine CJ, "Coronary microvascular dysfunction is highly prevalent in women with chest pain in the absence of coronary artery disease: Results from the NHLBI WISE Study," Am Heart J, V. 141, No. 5 (May 2001), pp. 735-741〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Endothelial dysfunction」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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